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The striatum is predominantly composed of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that send their axons along two parallel pathways known as the direct and indirect pathways. MSNs from the direct pathway express high levels of D1 dopamine receptors, while MSNs from the indirect pathway express high levels of D2 dopamine receptors. There has been much debate over the extent of colocalization of these two major dopamine receptors in MSNs of adult animals. In addition, the ontogeny of the segregation process has never been investigated. In this paper, we crossed bacterial artificial chromosome  drd1a-tdTomato  and  drd2-GFP  reporter transgenic mice to characterize these models and estimate D1-D2 co-expression in the developing striatum as well as in striatal primary cultures. We show that segregation is already extensive at E18 and that the degree of co-expression further decreases at P0 and P14. Finally, we also demonstrate that cultured MSNs maintain their very high degree of D1-D2 reporter protein segregation, thus validating them as a relevant  in vitro  model.

Evaluation of D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptor Segregation in the Developing Striatum Using BAC Transgenic Mice