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In Ascomycota the protein methyltransferase LaeA is a global regulator that affects the expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters, and controls sexual and asexual development. The common mycoparasitic fungus  Trichoderma atroviride  is one of the most widely studied agents of biological control of plant-pathogenic fungi that also serves as a model for the research on regulation of asexual sporulation (conidiation) by environmental stimuli such as light and/or mechanical injury. In order to learn the possible involvement of LAE1 in these two traits, we assessed the effect of deletion and overexpression of  lae1  gene on conidiation and mycoparasitic interaction. In the presence of light, conidiation was 50% decreased in a  Δ   lae1  and 30–50% increased in  lae1 -overexpressing (OE lae1 ) strains. In darkness,  Δ   lae1  strains did not sporulate, and the OE lae1  strains produced as much spores as the parent strain. Loss-of-function of  lae1  also abolished sporulation triggered by mechanical injury of the mycelia. Deletion of  lae1  also increased the sensitivity of  T. atroviride  to oxidative stress, abolished its ability to defend against other fungi and led to a loss of mycoparasitic behaviour, whereas the  OElae1  strains displayed enhanced mycoparasitic vigor. The loss of mycoparasitic activity in the  Δ   lae1  strain correlated with a significant underexpressionn of several genes normally upregulated during mycoparasitic interaction (proteases, GH16 ß-glucanases, polyketide synthases and small cystein-rich secreted proteins), which in turn was reflected in the partial reduction of formation of fungicidal water soluble metabolites and volatile compounds. Our study shows  T. atroviride  LAE1 is essential for asexual reproduction in the dark and for defense and parasitism on other fungi.

The Putative Protein Methyltransferase LAE1 of Trichoderma atroviride Is a Key Regulator of Asexual Development and Mycoparasitism