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Dwarf stature is introduced to improve lodging resistance and harvest index in crop production. In many crops including maize, mining and application of novel dwarf genes are urgent to overcome genetic bottleneck and vulnerability during breeding improvement. Here we report the characterization and expression profiling analysis of a newly identified maize dwarf mutant  Dwarf11  ( D11 ). The  D11  displays severely developmental abnormalities and is controlled by a dominant Mendelian factor. The  D11  seedlings responds to both GA 3  and paclobutrazol (PAC) application, suggesting that dwarf phenotype of  D11  is caused by GA biosynthesis instead of GA signaling deficiency. In contrast, two well-characterized maize dominant dwarf plants  D8  and  D9  are all insensitive to exogenous GA 3  stimulation. Additionally, sequence variation of  D8  and  D9  genes was not identified in the  D11  mutant. Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis results demonstrated that transcripts encoding GA biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes  ent -kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) are up-regulated in  D11 . Our results lay a foundation for the following  D11  gene cloning and functional characterization. Moreover, results presented here may aid in crops molecular improvement and breeding, especially breeding of crops with plant height ideotypes.

Gibberellin Biosynthetic Deficiency Is Responsible for Maize Dominant Dwarf11 (D11) Mutant Phenotype: Physiological and Transcriptomic Evidence