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We previously reported the identification of  TUSC1  (Tumor Suppressor Candidate 1), as a novel intronless gene isolated from a region of homozygous deletion at D9S126 on chromosome 9p in human lung cancer. In this study, we examine the differential expression of  TUSC1  in human lung cancer cell lines by western blot and in a primary human lung cancer tissue microarray by immunohistochemical analysis. We also tested the functional activities and mechanisms of  TUSC1  as a tumor suppressor gene through growth suppression  in vitro  and  in vivo . The results showed no expression of  TUSC1  in  TUSC1  homozygously deleted cells and diminished expression in some tumor cell lines without  TUSC1  deletion. Interestingly, the results from a primary human lung cancer tissue microarray suggested that higher expression of  TUSC1  was correlated with increased survival times for lung cancer patients. Our data demonstrated that growth curves of tumor cell lines transfected with  TUSC1  grew slower  in vitro  than those transfected with the empty vector. More importantly, xenograph tumors in nude mice grew significantly slower  in vivo  in cells stably transfected with  TUSC1  than those transfected with empty vector. In addition, results from confocal microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses show distribution of  TUSC1  in the cytoplasm and nucleus in tumor cell lines and in normal and tumor cells in the lung cancer tissue microarray. Taken together, our results support  TUSC1  has tumor suppressor activity as a candidate tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 9p.

TUSC1, a Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene, Reduces Tumor Cell Growth In Vitro and Tumor Growth In Vivo