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Rice white tip nematode,  Aphelenchoides besseyi , is a kind of plant parasitic nematodes that cause serious losses in rice and many other crops. Fatty acid and retinoid binding protein (FAR) is a specific protein in nematodes and is related to development, reproduction, infection to the host, and disruption of plant defense reactions, so the inhibition of FAR function is the potential approach to control  A. besseyi . The full-length of  Ab-far-1  cDNA is 805 bp, including 546 bp of ORF that encodes 181 amino acids. Software analysis revealed that the  Ab -FAR-1 was rich in α-helix structure, contained a predicted consensus casein kinase II phosphorylation site and a hydrophobic secretory signal peptide, but did not have glycosylation sites. The  Ab -FAR-1 had 52% homology to  Gp -FAR-1 protein. The  Ab -FAR-1 and  Gp -FAR-1 were grouped in the same branch according to the phylogenetic tree. Fluorescence-based ligand binding analysis confirmed that the recombinant  Ab -FAR-1 (r Ab -FAR-1) bound with the fluorescent analogues 11-((5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) amino) undecannoic acid (DAUDA), cis-parinaric acid and retinol, but the oleic acid would compete with the binding site. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess the expression level of  Ab-far-1  at different development stages of  A. besseyi , the highest expression was found in the females, followed by eggs, juveniles and males. Using  in situ  hybridization technique,  Ab-far-1  mRNA was present in the hypodermis of juveniles and adults, the ovaries of females and the testes of males. When  A. besseyi  was treated with  Ab-far-1  dsRNA for 48 h, the silencing efficiency of  Ab-far-1  was the best and the number of nematodes on the carrot was the least. Thus FAR plays important roles in the development and reproduction of nematodes. This study is useful and helpful to figure out a new way to control the plant parasitic nematodes.

Molecular Characterization and Functions of Fatty Acid and Retinoid Binding Protein Gene (Ab-far-1) in Aphelenchoides besseyi