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Objective  The present study was designed to examine the anticancer effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine of polyphyllin I (PPI) and evodiamine (EVO) on freshly–removed gastric tumor tissues.    Methods  Sixty freshly–removed gastric tumor tissues were collected. Their sensitivity to PPI, EVO, platinum (Pt), 5-FU, irinotecan (CPT-11) were determined by histoculture drug response assay (HDRA). Those samples were also formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, which were used to examine the mRNA expression levels of aprataxin(APTX), excision repair cross-complementing 1(ERCC1), thymidylate synthase(TS) and topoisomerase I(TOPO1) by quantitative RT-PCR. The association of the gene expression levels and  in vitro  sensitivity were analyzed.    Results  PPI, EVO, Pt, 5-FU and CPT-11 had anticancer effects on the freshly-removed gastric tumor tissues with average inhibition rates of 20.64%±14.25% for PPI, 21.14%±13.43% for EVO, 50.57%±22.37% for Pt, 53.54%±22.03% for 5-FU, and 39.33%±24.79% for CPT-11, respectively. Combination of PPI and Pt, EVO and Pt, EVO and 5-FU had higher inhibition rates than any single drug of them ( P <0.001,  P  = 0.028,  P  = 0.017, respectively). The mRNA expression levels of ERCC1 were correlated with Pt sensitivity ( rho  = −0.645,  P <0.001); the mRNA expression levels of TS were correlated with 5-FU sensitivity ( rho  = −0.803,  P <0.001). There were also weak but significant correlations between APTX mRNA expression levels and CPT-11 sensitivity ( rho  = −0.376,  P  = 0.017) or EVO sensitivity ( rho  = −0.322,  P  = 0.036). ERCC1 mRNA expression levels was markedly suppressed by the presentation of PPI ( P  = 0.001) and slightly suppressed by the presentation of EVO ( P  = 0.04); whereas, TS mRNA expression levels was markedly decreased by the presentation of EVO ( P  = 0.017) and slightly decreased by the presentation of PPI ( P  = 0.047).    Conclusion  PPI and EVO both could inhibit the activity of freshly-removed gastric tumor, and they could enhance the anticancer effect of Pt and 5-FU by reducing the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1 and TS.

Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Polyphyllin I and Evodiamine on Freshly-Removed Human Gastric Tumors