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Root-knot nematodes,  Meloidogyne  spp., are important pests of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and resistance to the three most prevalent species of this genus, including  Meloidogyne incognita , is mediated by the  Mi-1  gene.  Mi-1  encodes a nucleotide binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) resistance (R) protein. Ethylene (ET) is required for the resistance mediated by a subset of NB-LRR proteins and its role in  Mi-1 -mediated nematode resistance has not been characterized. Infection of tomato roots with  M. incognita  differentially induces ET biosynthetic genes in both compatible and incompatible interactions. Analyzing the expression of members of the ET biosynthetic gene families  ACC synthase  ( ACS ) and  ACC oxidase  ( ACO ), in both compatible and incompatible interactions, shows differences in amplitude and temporal expression of both  ACS  and  ACO  genes in these two interactions. Since ET can promote both resistance and susceptibility against microbial pathogens in tomato, we investigated the role of ET in  Mi-1 -mediated resistance to  M. incognita  using both genetic and pharmacological approaches. Impairing ET biosynthesis or perception using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the ET-insensitive  Never ripe  ( Nr ) mutant, or 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP) treatment, did not attenuate  Mi-1 -mediated resistance to  M. incognita . However,  Nr  plants compromised in ET perception showed enhanced susceptibility to  M. incognita  indicating a role for  ETR3  in basal resistance to root-knot nematodes.

plos one

Mi-1-Mediated Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato May Not Rely on Ethylene but Hormone Perception through ETR3 Participates in Limiting Nematode Infection in a Susceptible Host