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Candida albicans  and  Candida dubliniensis  are pathogenic fungi that are highly related but differ in virulence and in some phenotypic traits. During  in vitro  growth on certain nutrient-poor media,  C. albicans  and  C. dubliniensis  are the only yeast species which are able to produce chlamydospores, large thick-walled cells of unknown function. Interestingly, only  C. dubliniensis  forms pseudohyphae with abundant chlamydospores when grown on Staib medium, while  C. albicans  grows exclusively as a budding yeast. In order to further our understanding of chlamydospore development and assembly, we compared the global transcriptional profile of both species during growth in liquid Staib medium by RNA sequencing. We also included a  C. albicans  mutant in our study which lacks the morphogenetic transcriptional repressor Nrg1. This strain, which is characterized by its constitutive pseudohyphal growth, specifically produces masses of chlamydospores in Staib medium, similar to  C. dubliniensis . This comparative approach identified a set of putatively chlamydospore-related genes. Two of the homologous  C. albicans  and  C. dubliniensis  genes ( CSP1  and  CSP2 ) which were most strongly upregulated during chlamydospore development were analysed in more detail. By use of the green fluorescent protein as a reporter, the encoded putative cell wall related proteins were found to exclusively localize to  C. albicans  and  C. dubliniensis  chlamydospores. Our findings uncover the first chlamydospore specific markers in  Candida  species and provide novel insights in the complex morphogenetic development of these important fungal pathogens.

Global Transcriptome Sequencing Identifies Chlamydospore Specific Markers in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis