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Centromere-associated protein A (CENP-A), a common autoimmune target in a subset of systemic sclerosis patients, appears to have no role to explain why its corresponding auto-antibodies are more frequently found in the limited than the diffuse form of systemic sclerosis. Therefore, we investigated the fine specificity of anti-CENP-A antibodies as a first step to understanding their role in systemic sclerosis pathology. We focused on the amino-terminal portion of CENP-A spanning amino acids 1 to 17 (Ap 1-17 ), which represents, along with Ap 17-30 , an immunodominant epitope of the protein. Peptide Ap 1-17  was used to purify antibodies from 8 patients with systemic sclerosis. Anti-Ap 1-17  antibodies specifically reacted with human CENP-A but did not cross-react with CENP-B or Ap 17-30 . Panning of a phage display peptide library with anti-Ap 1-17  antibodies from 2 patients identified two novel, partially overlapping motifs, < 5 Rx(st)xKP 10 > and < 9 KPxxPxR 15 > as the result of the alignment of specific phage clone insert sequences. Anti-Ap 1-17  IgG from the 8 patients had different reactivities to isolated phage clone insert sequences. Scanning the Swiss-Prot database revealed a large number of different types of proteins containing the two Ap 1-17  antigenic motifs. These data show that anti-CENP-A 1-17  antibodies are generated independently from anti-CENP-B antibodies and display great heterogeneity in their specificity by recognizing different motifs within that peptide sequence. This finding, along with the widespread interspecies and human tissue distribution of the two motifs, suggests that the number of motif-expressing proteins which can be the potential target of these antibodies is markedly higher than that estimated from the peptide-based epitope spreading model.

Autoantibodies Recognizing the Amino Terminal 1-17 Segment of CENP-A Display Unique Specificities in Systemic Sclerosis