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Background  Unsafe water supplies continue to raise public health concerns, especially in urban areas in low resource countries. To understand the extent of public health risk attributed to supply water in Dhaka city, Bangladesh,  Escherichia coli  isolated from tap water samples collected from different locations of the city were characterized for their antibiotic resistance, pathogenic properties and genetic diversity.    Methodology/Principal Findings  A total of 233  E. coli  isolates obtained from 175 tap water samples were analysed for susceptibility to 16 different antibiotics and for the presence of genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Nearly 36% ( n  = 84) of the isolates were multi-drug(≥3 classes of antibiotics) resistant (MDR) and 26% ( n  = 22) of these were positive for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Of the 22 ESBL-producers, 20 were positive for  bla   CTX-M-15 , 7 for  bla   OXA-1-group  (all had  bla   OXA-47 ) and 2 for  bla   CMY-2 . Quinolone resistance genes,  qnrS  and  qnrB  were detected in 6 and 2 isolates, respectively. Around 7% ( n  = 16) of the isolates carried virulence gene(s) characteristic of pathogenic  E. coli ; 11 of these contained  lt  and/or  st  and thus belonged to enterotoxigenic  E. coli  and 5 contained  bfp  and  eae  and thus belonged to enteropathogenic  E. coli . All MDR isolates carried multiple plasmids (2 to 8) of varying sizes ranging from 1.2 to >120 MDa. Ampicillin and ceftriaxone resistance were co-transferred in conjugative plasmids of 70 to 100 MDa in size, while ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline resistance were co-transferred in conjugative plasmids of 50 to 90 MDa. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed diverse genetic fingerprints of pathogenic isolates.    Significance  Multi-drug resistant  E. coli  are wide spread in public water supply in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Transmission of resistant bacteria and plasmids through supply water pose serious threats to public health in urban areas.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors and Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolates from Household Water Supply in Dhaka, Bangladesh