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Eutreptiella  are an evolutionarily unique and ecologically important genus of microalgae, but they are poorly understood with regard to their genomic make-up and expression profiles. Through the analysis of the full-length cDNAs from a  Eutreptiella  species, we found a conserved 28-nt spliced leader sequence (Eut-SL, ACACUUUCUGAGUGUCUACG) was  trans -spliced to the mRNAs of  Eutreptiella  sp. Using a primer derived from Eut-SL, we constructed four cDNA libraries under contrasting physiological conditions for 454 pyrosequencing. Clustering analysis of the ∼1.9×10 6  original reads (average length 382 bp) yielded 36,643 unique transcripts. Although only 28% of the transcripts matched documented genes, this fraction represents a functionally very diverse gene set, suggesting that SL  trans -splicing is likely ubiquitous in this alga’s transcriptome. The mRNAs of  Eutreptiella  sp. seemed to have short 5′- untranslated regions, estimated to be 21 nucleotides on average. Among the diverse biochemical pathways represented in the transcriptome we obtained, carbonic anhydrase and genes known to function in the C 4  pathway and heterotrophic carbon fixation were found, posing a question whether  Eutreptiella  sp. employs multifaceted strategies to acquire and fix carbon efficiently. This first large-scale transcriptomic dataset for a euglenoid uncovers many potential novel genes and overall offers a valuable genetic resource for research on euglenoid algae.

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Transcriptomic Study Reveals Widespread Spliced Leader Trans-Splicing, Short 5′-UTRs and Potential Complex Carbon Fixation Mechanisms in the Euglenoid Alga Eutreptiella sp.