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Background of the Work  The phylogenetic position and evolution of  Hemidactylus anamallensis  (family Gekkonidae) has been much debated in recent times. In the past it has been variously assigned to genus  Hoplodactylus  (Diplodactylidae) as well as a monotypic genus ‘ Dravidogecko ’ (Gekkonidae). Since 1995, this species has been assigned to  Hemidactylus , but there is much disagreement between authors regarding its phylogenetic position within this genus. In a recent molecular study  H. anamallensis  was sister to  Hemidactylus  but appeared distinct from it in both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. However, this study did not include genera closely allied to  Hemidactylus , thus a robust evaluation of this hypothesis was not undertaken.    Methods  The objective of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic position of  H. anamallensis  within the gekkonid radiation. To this end, several nuclear and mitochondrial markers were sequenced from  H. anamallensis , selected members of the  Hemidactylus  radiation and genera closely allied to  Hemidactylus . These sequences in conjunction with published sequences were subjected to multiple phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore the nuclear dataset was also subjected to molecular dating analysis to ascertain the divergence between  H. anamallensis  and related genera.    Results and Conclusion  Results showed that  H. anamallensis  lineage was indeed sister to  Hemidactylus  group but was separated from the rest of the  Hemidactylus  by a long branch. The divergence estimates supported a scenario wherein  H. anamallensis  dispersed across a marine barrier to the drifting peninsular Indian plate in the late Cretaceous whereas  Hemidactylus  arrived on the peninsular India after the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate. Based on these molecular evidence and biogeographical scenario we suggest that the genus  Dravidogecko  should be resurrected.

plos one

Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Dating Suggest That Hemidactylus anamallensis Is Not a Member of the Hemidactylus Radiation and Has an Ancient Late Cretaceous Origin