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Scutellarin 7- O -β- d -glucuronide ( scutellarin ) has shown great potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment, but only at high dosage. Here we investigate the possibility of using low intensity ultrasound to reduce the  scutellarin  dosage. Ultrasound intensities of 1.0 W/cm 2  and 0.05 W/cm 2  were used for  in vivo  and  in vitro  experiments, respectively, and a very low dosage of  scutellarin  (15 nM) was used. Tumor-bearing Balb/c mice and SAS human-tongue squamous carcinoma cell suspensions were used for the  in vivo  and  in vitro  experiments, respectively. Each kind of subjects was divided into control, ultrasound-alone,  scutellarin- alone, and combined ultrasound- scutellarin  treatment groups. Only the combined treatment showed strong anticancer effects. In the  in vivo  case, the combined treatment significantly delayed tumor growth, initiated cellular chromatin changes (including a decrease in the number of cytoplasmic organelles and fragmentation of condensed nuclear chromatin), inhibited tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, stopped cancer-cell proliferation, decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels and caused cancer-cell apoptosis. In the  in vitro  case, the combined treatment produced cancer cell-shape irregularity in a manner seriously fractured microvilli, inhibited cancer-cell migratory and invasion activities, and induced cancer-cell apoptosis. Because the combined treatment did not increase intracellular ROS production,  scutellarin  is not a sonosensitizer so that the anticancer effect is not through sonodynamic therapy. Low-intensity ultrasound is merely increasing the permeability of  scutellarin  into cancer cells. Based on our results, one may perform localized chemotherapy using much reduced dosage of the drug with the help of low intensity ultrasound, which will greatly minimize side effects.

Potentiation of Scutellarin on Human Tongue Carcinoma Xenograft by Low-Intensity Ultrasound