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Background  Calcium-binding proteins that contain EF-hand motifs have been reported to play important roles in transduction of signals associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. To functionally characterize gens of EF-hand family in response to abiotic stress, an  MtCaMP1  gene belonging to EF-hand family from legume model plant  Medicago truncatula  was isolated and its function in response to drought and salt stress was investigated by expressing  MtCaMP1  in Arabidopsis.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings expressing  MtCaMP1 exhibited higher survival rate than wild-type seedlings under drought and salt stress, suggesting that expression of  MtCaMP1  confers tolerance of Arabidopsis to drought and salt stress. The transgenic plants accumulated greater amounts of Pro due to up-regulation of  P5CS1  and down-regulation of  ProDH  than wild-type plants under drought stress. There was a less accumulation of Na +  in the transgenic plants than in WT plants due to reduced up-regulation of  AtHKT1  and enhanced regulation of  AtNHX1  in the transgenic plants compared to WT plants under salt stress. There was a reduced accumulation of H 2 O 2  and malondialdehyde in the transgenic plants than in WT plants under both drought and salt stress.    Conclusions/Significance  The expression of  MtCaMP1  in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance of the transgenic plants to drought and salt stress by effective osmo-regulation due to greater accumulation of Pro and by minimizing toxic Na +  accumulation, respectively. The enhanced accumulation of Pro and reduced accumulation of Na +  under drought and salt stress would protect plants from water default and Na +  toxicity, and alleviate the associated oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that  MtCaMP1  encodes a stress-responsive EF-hand protein that plays a regulatory role in response of plants to drought and salt stress.

A Medicago truncatula EF-Hand Family Gene, MtCaMP1, Is Involved in Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance