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Cyclospora  spp. have been identified as one of the most important intestinal pathogens causing protracted diarrhea in animals and human beings. To determine the  Cyclospora  species in the non-human primate  Rhinopithecus roxellanae , a total of 71 fecal samples from 19 endangered snub-nosed monkeys in Shaanxi province were collected and examined using Sheater’s sugar flotation technique and by sequencing the fragments of 18S rDNA. Only two  Cyclospora  isolates from 2 golden snub-nosed monkeys ( R. roxellanae ) were obtained and identified between July 2011 and August of 2012. The sequences of the 18S rDNA for the two  Cyclospora  isolates were 477 bp, with no nucleotide variation between them. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequences revealed that the two  Cyclospora  isolates were posited into the clade  Cyclospora  spp. and sistered to  C. colobi . These results first showed that  Cyclospora  infection occurred in  R. roxellanae  in hot and rainy weather, which would provide useful information for further understanding the molecular epidemiology of  Cyclospora  spp. and the control of  Cyclospora  infection in non-human primates as well as in human beings.

Molecular Characterization of Cyclospora-like Organisms from Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys in Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern China