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Marine lytic bacteria can have a substantial effect on phytoplankton and are even capable to terminate blooms of microalgae. The bacterium  Kordia algicida  was reported to lyse cells of the diatom  Skeletonema costatum  and several other diatoms by a quorum sensing controlled excretion of proteases. However the diatom  Chaetoceros didymus  is fully resistant against the bacterial enzymes. We show that the growth curve of this diatom is essentially unaffected by addition of bacterial filtrates that are active against other diatoms. By monitoring proteases from the medium using zymography and fluorescence based activity assays we demonstrate that  C. didymus  responds to the presence of the lytic bacteria with the induced production of algal proteases. These proteases exhibit a substantially increased activity compared to the bacterial counterparts. The induction is also triggered by signals in the supernatant of a  K. algicida  culture. Size fractionation shows that only the >30 kD fraction of the bacterial exudates acts as an inducing cue. Implications for a potential induced defense of the diatom  C. didymus  are discussed.

Induction of Protease Release of the Resistant Diatom Chaetoceros didymus in Response to Lytic Enzymes from an Algicidal Bacterium