English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Puccinia graminis  causes stem rust, a serious disease of cereals and forage grasses. Important formae speciales of  P. graminis  and their typical hosts are  P. graminis  f. sp.  tritici  ( Pg-tr ) in wheat and barley,  P. graminis  f. sp.  lolii  ( Pg-lo ) in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue, and  P. graminis  f. sp.  phlei-pratensis  ( Pg-pp ) in timothy grass.  Brachypodium distachyon  is an emerging genetic model to study fungal disease resistance in cereals and temperate grasses. We characterized the  P. graminis - Brachypodium  pathosystem to evaluate its potential for investigating incompatibility and non-host resistance to  P. graminis . Inoculation of eight  Brachypodium  inbred lines with  Pg-tr ,  Pg-lo  or  Pg-pp  resulted in sporulating lesions later accompanied by necrosis. Histological analysis of early infection events in one  Brachypodium  inbred line (Bd1-1) indicated that  Pg-lo  and  Pg-pp  were markedly more efficient than  Pg-tr  at establishing a biotrophic interaction. Formation of appressoria was completed (60–70% of germinated spores) by 12 h post-inoculation (hpi) under dark and wet conditions, and after 4 h of subsequent light exposure fungal penetration structures (penetration peg, substomatal vesicle and primary infection hyphae) had developed.  Brachypodium  Bd1-1 exhibited pre-haustorial resistance to  Pg-tr , i.e. infection usually stopped at appressorial formation. By 68 hpi, only 0.3% and 0.7% of the  Pg-tr  urediniospores developed haustoria and colonies, respectively. In contrast, development of advanced infection structures by  Pg-lo  and  Pg-p p was significantly more common; however,  Brachypodium  displayed post-haustorial resistance to these isolates. By 68 hpi the percentage of urediniospores that only develop a haustorium mother cell or haustorium in  Pg-lo  and  Pg-pp  reached 8% and 5%, respectively. The formation of colonies reached 14% and 13%, respectively. We conclude that  Brachypodium  is an apt grass model to study the molecular and genetic components of incompatiblity and non-host resistance to  P. graminis .

Infection of Brachypodium distachyon by Formae Speciales of Puccinia graminis: Early Infection Events and Host-Pathogen Incompatibility