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Understanding the pathology resulting from  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  polymicrobial wound infections is of great importance due to their ubiquitous nature, increasing prevalence, growing resistance to antimicrobial agents, and ability to delay healing. Methicillin-resistant  S. aureus  USA300 is the leading cause of community-associated bacterial infections resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. We utilized a well-established porcine partial thickness wound healing model to study the synergistic effects of USA300 and  P. aeruginosa  on wound healing. Wound re-epithelialization was significantly delayed by mixed-species biofilms through suppression of keratinocyte growth factor 1.  Pseudomonas  showed an inhibitory effect on USA300 growth  in vitro  while both species co-existed in cutaneous wounds  in vivo . Polymicrobial wound infection in the presence of  P. aeruginosa  resulted in induced expression of USA300 virulence factors Panton-Valentine leukocidin and α-hemolysin. These results provide evidence for the interaction of bacterial species within mixed-species biofilms  in vivo  and for the first time, the contribution of virulence factors to the severity of polymicrobial wound infections.

Interactions of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Polymicrobial Wound Infection