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Background  Constitutive activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB is frequently observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current study examined associations of polymorphisms within promoter regions of  NFKB1  encoding NF-κB1 and  NFKBIA  encoding IκBα with the susceptibility of developing HCC and clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors.    Methodology and Principal Findings  Genetic polymorphisms of  NFKB1  and  NFKBIA  were analyzed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 135 HCC patients and 520 healthy controls. The genotypic frequency of the  NFKB1  -94 Ins polymorphism in HCC patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32∼3.77). No statistical significance was observed for the distribution frequency of the  NFKBIA  −-519 C/T, -826 C/T, or -881 A/G genotype and haplotype polymorphisms between HCC patients and controls. Furthermore, female HCC patients carrying the  NFKB1  -94 Ins polymorphism were associated with lower clinical stages and smaller tumor sizes.    Conclusions  Our results indicate that the  NFKB1  -94 Ins promoter polymorphism increased the risk of HCC, and may be applied as a predictive factor for the clinical stage and tumor size in female HCC patients.

Effects of NFKB1 and NFKBIA Gene Polymorphisms on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility and Clinicopathological Features