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Human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) are a promising cell source for bone tissue engineering. However, before the clinical application of hASCs for the treatment of bone defects, key questions require answers, including whether pre-osteoinduction (OI) and flow cytometric cell purification are indispensible steps for  in vivo  bone formation by hASCs. In this study, hASCs were purified by flow cytometric cell sorting (FCCS). The osteogenic capabilities of hASCs and purified hASCs with or without pre-osteoinduction were examined through  in vitro  and  in vivo  experiments. We found that pre-OI enhanced the  in vitro  osteogenic capacity of hASCs. However, 8 weeks after  in vivo  implantation, there were no significant differences between hASCs and hASCs that had undergone OI (hASCs+OI) or between purified hASCs and purified hASCs+OI ( P >0.05). Interestingly, we also found that purified hASCs had an osteogenic potential similar to that of unpurified hASCs  in vitro  and  in vivo . These results suggest that FCCS and  in vitro  pre-OI are not requirements for  in vivo  bone formation by hASCs.

Flow Cytometric Cell Sorting and In Vitro Pre-Osteoinduction Are Not Requirements for In Vivo Bone Formation by Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells