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Arcobacter butzleri  is considered to be an emerging human foodborne pathogen. The completion of an  A. butzleri  genome sequence along with microarray analysis of 13 isolates in 2007 revealed a surprising amount of diversity amongst  A. butzleri  isolates from humans, animals and food. In order to further investigate  Arcobacter  diversity, 792 faecal samples were collected from cattle on beef and dairy farms in the North West of England.  Arcobacter  was isolated from 42.5% of the samples and the diversity of the isolates was investigated using multilocus sequence typing. An  A. butzleri  whole genome sequence, obtained by 454 shotgun sequencing of an isolate from a clinically-healthy dairy cow, showed a number of differences when compared to the genome of a human-derived  A. butzleri  isolate. PCR-based prevalence assays for variable genes suggested some tentative evidence for source-related distributions. We also found evidence for phenotypic differences relating to growth capabilities between our representative human and cattle isolates. Our genotypic and phenotypic observations suggest that some level of niche adaptation may have occurred in  A. butzleri .

Exploring the Diversity of Arcobacter butzleri from Cattle in the UK Using MLST and Whole Genome Sequencing