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The invasive species  Spartina alterniora  Loisel was introduced to the eastern coast of China in the 1970s and 1980s for the purposes of land reclamation and the prevention of soil erosion. The resulting interspecific competition had an important influence on the distribution of native vegetation, which makes studying the patterns and mechanisms of the interactions between  Spartina alterniora  Loisel and the native species  Phragmites australis  (Cav.) Trin ex Steud in this region very important. There have been some researches on the interspecific interactions between  P. australis  and  S. alterniora  in the Dongtan wetland of Chongming, east China, most of which has focused on the comparison of their physiological characteristics. In this paper, we conducted a neighbor removal experiment along a tidal gradient to evaluate the relative competitive abilities of the two species by calculating their relative neighbor effect (RNE) index. We also looked at the influence of environmental stress and disturbance on the competitive abilities of the two species by comparing interaction strength (I) among different tidal zones both for  P. australis  and  S. alterniora . Finally, we measured physiological characteristics of the two species to assess the physiological mechanisms behind their different competitive abilities. Both negative and positive interactions were found between  P. australis  and  S. alterniora  along the environmental gradient. When the direction of the competitive intensity index for  P. australis  and  S. alterniora  was consistent, the competitive or facilitative effect of  S. alterniora  on  P. australis  was stronger than that of  P. australis  on  S. alterniora . The interspecific interactions of  P. australis  and  S. alterniora  varied with environmental conditions, as well as with the method used, to measure interspecific interactions.

Interspecific Interactions between Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora along a Tidal Gradient in the Dongtan Wetland, Eastern China