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Background  Fusaric acid (5-butylpicolinic acid), a mycotoxin, is noxious to some microorganisms.  Stenotrophomonas maltophilia  displays an intrinsic resistance to fusaric acid. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the intrinsic fusaric acid resistance in  S. maltophilia .    Methodology  A putative fusaric acid resistance-involved regulon  fuaR - fuaABC  was identified by the survey of the whole genome sequence of  S. maltophilia  K279a. The  fuaABC  operon was verified by reverse transcriptase-PCR. The contribution of the  fuaABC  operon to the antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by comparing the antimicrobials susceptibility between the wild-type strain and  fuaABC  knock-out mutant. The regulatory role of  fuaR  in the expression of the  fuaABC  operon was assessed by promoter transcription fusion assay.    Results  The  fuaABC  operon was inducibly expressed by fusaric acid and the inducibility was  fuaR  dependent. FuaR functioned as a repressor of the  fuaABC  operon in absence of a fusaric acid inducer and as an activator in its presence. Overexpression of the  fuaABC  operon contributed to the fusaric acid resistance.    Significance  A novel tripartite fusaric acid efflux pump, FuaABC, was identified in this study. Distinct from the formally classification, the FuaABC may constitute a new type of subfamily of the tripartite efflux pump.

An Inducible Fusaric Acid Tripartite Efflux Pump Contributes to the Fusaric Acid Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia