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Aims  To determine the impact of maternal and post-weaning consumption of a high fat diet on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and redox regulation in adult male mouse offspring.    Methods  Female C57BL6J mice were fed an obesogenic high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) or standard chow (C, 21% kcal fat) pre-conception and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, male offspring were continued on the same diet as their mothers or placed on the alternative diet to give 4 dietary groups (C/C, HF/C, C/HF and HF/HF) which were studied at 15 or 30 weeks of age.    Results  There were significant effects of maternal diet on offspring body weight ( p <0.004), systolic blood pressure ( p  = 0.026) and endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh ( p  = 0.004) and NO production ( p  = 0.005) measured in the femoral artery. With control for maternal diet there was also an effect of offspring post-weaning dietary fat to increase systolic blood pressure ( p <0.0001) and reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation ( p  = 0.022) and ACh-mediated NO production ( p  = 0.007). There was also a significant impact of age ( p <0.005). Redox balance was perturbed, with altered regulation of vascular enzymes involved in ROS/NO signalling.    Conclusions  Maternal consumption of a HF diet is associated with changes in vascular function and oxidative balance in the offspring of similar magnitude to those seen with consumption of a high fat diet post-weaning. Further, this disadvantageous vascular phenotype is exacerbated by age to influence the risk of developing obesity, raised blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in adult life.

Interaction between Maternal and Offspring Diet to Impair Vascular Function and Oxidative Balance in High Fat Fed Male Mice