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Background  Best recognized for its role in manipulating host reproduction, the parasitic gram-negative  Wolbachia pipientis  is known to colonize a wide range of invertebrates. The endosymbiotic bacterium has recently been shown to cause a life-shortening effect as well as inhibiting replication of arboviruses in  Aades aegypti ; although the molecular mechanisms behind these effects are largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been determined to have a wide range of roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. A recent study showed that several  A. aegypti  mosquito miRNAs are differentially expressed when infected with  Wolbachia.Methodology/Principal Findings  Based on the prior knowledge that one of these miRNAs, aae-miR-12, is differentially expressed in mosquitoes infected with  Wolbachia,  we aimed to determine any significance of this mediation. We also set out to characterize the target genes of this miRNA in the  A. aegpyti  genome. Bioinformatic approaches predicted a list of potential target genes and subsequent functional analyses confirmed that two of these, DNA replication licensing ( MCM6 ) and monocarboxylate transporter ( MCT1 ), are under the regulative control of aae-miR-12. We also demonstrated that aae-miR-12 is critical in the persistence of  Wolbachia  in the host cell.    Conclusions/Significance  Our study has identified two target genes of aae-miR-12, a differentially expressed mosquito miRNA in  Wolbachia -infected cells, and determined that the miRNA affects  Wolbachia  density in the host cells.

Wolbachia-Induced aae-miR-12 miRNA Negatively Regulates the Expression of MCT1 and MCM6 Genes in Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Cell Line