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In the last decade, the search for new vaccines against canine visceral leishmaniasis has intensified. However, the pattern related to immune protection during long periods after experimental infection in vaccine trials is still not fully understood. Herein, we investigated the immunogenicity and parasitological levels after intradermal challenge with  Leishmania infantum  plus salivary gland extract in dogs immunized with a vaccine composed of  L. braziliensis  antigens plus saponin as an adjuvant (LBSap vaccine). The LBSap vaccine elicited higher levels of total anti- Leishmania  IgG as well as both IgG1 and IgG2. Furthermore, dogs vaccinated had increased levels of lymphocytes, particularly circulating B cells (CD21 + ) and both CD4 +  and CD8 +  T lymphocytes. LBSap also elicited an intense  in vitro  cell proliferation associated with higher levels of CD4 +  T lymphocytes specific for vaccine soluble antigen and soluble lysate of  L. infantum  antigen even 885 days after experimental challenge. Furthermore, LBSap vaccinated dogs presented high IFN-γ and low IL-10 and TGF-β1 expression in spleen with significant reduction of parasite load in this tissue. Overall, our results validate the potential of LBSap vaccine to protect against  L. infantum  experimental infection and strongly support further evaluation of efficiency of LBSap against CVL in natural infection conditions.

Performance of LBSap Vaccine after Intradermal Challenge with L. infantum and Saliva of Lu. longipalpis: Immunogenicity and Parasitological Evaluation