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Little is known about how drought stress influences plant secondary metabolite accumulation and how this affects plant defense against different aphids. We therefore cultivated  Arabidopsis thaliana  (L.) plants under well-watered, drought, and water-logged conditions. Two aphid species were selected for this study: the generalist  Myzus persicae  (Sulzer) and the crucifer specialist  Brevicoryne brassicae  (L.). Metabolite concentrations in the phloem sap, which influence aphid growth, changed particularly under drought stress. Levels of sucrose and several amino acids, such as glutamic acid, proline, isoleucine, and lysine increased, while concentrations of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate decreased.  M. persicae  population growth was highest on plants under drought stress conditions. However,  B. brassicae  did not profit from improved phloem sap quality under drought stress and performed equally in all water treatments. Water stress and aphids generally had an opposite effect on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the plant rosettes. Drought stress and water-logging led to increased aliphatic glucosinolate and flavonoid levels. Conversely, aphid feeding, especially of  M. persicae , reduced levels of flavonoids and glucosinolates in the plants. Correspondingly, transcript levels of aliphatic biosynthetic genes decreased after feeding of both aphid species. Contrary to  M. persicae , drought stress did not promote population growth of  B. brassicae  on these plants. The specialist aphid induced expression of  CYP79B2 ,  CYP79B3 , and  PAD3  with corresponding accumulation of indolyl glucosinolates and camalexin. This was distinct from  M. persicae , which did not elicit similarly strong camalexin accumulation, which led to the hypothesis of a specific defense adaptations against the specialist aphid.

Water Stress and Aphid Feeding Differentially Influence Metabolite Composition in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)