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Mitochondria mediate dual metabolic and Ca 2+  shuttling activities. While the former is required for Ca 2+  signalling linked to insulin secretion, the role of the latter in β cell function has not been well understood, primarily because the molecular identity of the mitochondrial Ca 2+  transporters were elusive and the selectivity of their inhibitors was questionable. This study focuses on NCLX, the recently discovered mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+  exchanger that is linked to Ca 2+  signalling in MIN6 and primary β cells. Suppression either of NCLX expression, using a siRNA construct (siNCLX) or of its activity, by a dominant negative construct (dnNCLX), enhanced mitochondrial Ca 2+  influx and blocked efflux induced by glucose or by cell depolarization. In addition, NCLX regulated basal, but not glucose-dependent changes, in metabolic rate, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial resting Ca 2+ . Importantly, NCLX controlled the rate and amplitude of cytosolic Ca 2+  changes induced by depolarization or high glucose, indicating that NCLX is a critical and rate limiting component in the cross talk between mitochondrial and plasma membrane Ca 2+  signalling. Finally, knockdown of NCLX expression was followed by a delay in glucose-dependent insulin secretion. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+  exchanger, NCLX, shapes glucose-dependent mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca 2+  signals thereby regulating the temporal pattern of insulin secretion in β cells.

The Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Upregulates Glucose Dependent Ca2+ Signalling Linked to Insulin Secretion