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Anthocyanin content is a trait of major interest in  Vitis vinifera  L. These compounds affect grape and wine quality, and have beneficial effects on human health. A candidate-gene approach was used to identify genetic variants associated with anthocyanin content in grape berries. A total of 445 polymorphisms were identified in 5 genes encoding transcription factors and 10 genes involved in either the biosynthetic pathway or transport of anthocyanins. A total of 124 SNPs were selected to examine association with a wide range of phenotypes based on RP-HPLC analysis and visual characterization. The phenotypes were total skin anthocyanin (TSA) concentration but also specific types of anthocyanins and relative abundance. The visual assessment was based on OIV ( Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin ) descriptors for berry and skin colour. The genes encoding the transcription factors  MYB11 ,  MYBCC  and  MYC B   were significantly associated with TSA concentration.  UFGT  and  MRP  were associated with several different types of anthocyanins. Skin and pulp colour were associated with nine genes ( MYB11 ,  MYBCC ,  MYC B  ,  UFGT ,  MRP ,  DFR ,  LDOX ,  CHI  and  GST ). Pulp colour was associated with a similar group of 11 genes ( MYB11 ,  MYBCC ,  MYC B  ,  MYC A  ,  UFGT ,  MRP ,  GST ,  DFR ,  LDOX ,  CHI  and  CHS A  ). Statistical interactions were observed between SNPs within the transcription factors  MYB11 ,  MYBCC  and  MYC B  . SNPs within  LDOX  interacted with  MYB11  and  MYC B  , while SNPs within  CHI  interacted with  MYB11  only. Together, these findings suggest the involvement of these genes in anthocyanin content and on the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This work forms a benchmark for replication and functional studies.

A Candidate-Gene Association Study for Berry Colour and Anthocyanin Content in Vitis vinifera L.