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Bacillus  strains isolated from soil or channel catfish intestine were screened for their antagonism against  Edwardsiella ictaluri  and  Aeromonas hydrophila,  the causative agents of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS), respectively. Twenty one strains were selected and their antagonistic activity against other aquatic pathogens was also tested. Each of the top 21 strains expressed antagonistic activity against multiple aquatic bacterial pathogens including  Edwardsiella tarda ,  Streptococcus iniae ,  Yersinia ruckeri ,  Flavobacterium columnare , and/or the oomycete  Saprolegnia ferax.  Survival of the 21  Bacillus  strains in the intestine of catfish was determined as  Bacillus  CFU/g of intestinal tissue of catfish after feeding  Bacillus  spore-supplemented feed for seven days followed by normal feed for three days. Five  Bacillus  strains that showed good antimicrobial activity and intestinal survival were incorporated into feed in spore form at a dose of 8×10 7  CFU/g and fed to channel catfish for 14 days before they were challenged by  E. ictaluri  in replicate. Two  Bacillus subtilis  strains conferred significant benefit in reducing catfish mortality (P<0.05). A similar challenge experiment conducted in Vietnam with four of the five  Bacillus  strains also showed protective effects against  E. ictaluri  in striped catfish. Safety of the four strains exhibiting the strongest biological control  in vivo  was also investigated in terms of whether the strains contain plasmids or express resistance to clinically important antibiotics. The  Bacillus  strains identified from this study have good potential to mediate disease control as probiotic feed additives for catfish aquaculture.

Identification of Bacillus Strains for Biological Control of Catfish Pathogens