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The periodontal pathogen  Porphyromonas gingivalis  colonizes largely through FimA fimbriae, composed of polymerized FimA encoded by  fimA .  fimA  exists as a single copy within the  fim  gene cluster ( fim  cluster), which consists of seven genes:  fimX ,  pgmA  and  fimA-E . Using an expression vector,  fimA  alone was inserted into a mutant from which the whole  fim  cluster was deleted, and the resultant complement exhibited a fimbrial structure. Thus, the genes of the  fim  cluster other than  fimA  were not essential for the assembly of FimA fimbriae, although they were reported to influence FimA protein expression. It is known that there are various genotypes for  fimA , and it was indicated that the genotype was related to the morphological features of FimA fimbriae, especially the length, and to the pathogenicity of the bacterium. We next complemented the  fim  cluster-deletion mutant with  fimA  genes cloned from  P. gingivalis  strains including genotypes I to V. All genotypes showed a long fimbrial structure, indicating that FimA itself had nothing to do with regulation of the fimbrial length. In FimA fimbriae purified from the complemented strains, types I, II, and III showed slightly higher thermostability than types IV and V. Antisera of mice immunized with each purified fimbria principally recognized the polymeric, structural conformation of the fimbriae, and showed low cross-reactivity among genotypes, indicating that FimA fimbriae of each genotype were antigenically different. Additionally, the activity of a macrophage cell line stimulated with the purified fimbriae was much lower than that induced by  Escherichia coli  lipopolysaccharide.

Porphyromonas gingivalis FimA Fimbriae: Fimbrial Assembly by fimA Alone in the fim Gene Cluster and Differential Antigenicity among fimA Genotypes