English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  It is widely recognized that the introduction of saliva of bloodsucking arthropods at the site of pathogen transmission might play a central role in vector-borne infections. However, how the interaction between salivary components and the host immune system takes place and which physiological processes this leads to has yet to be investigated.  Armigeres subalbatus  is one of the prominent types of mosquitoes involved in the transmission of parasitic and viral diseases in humans and animals.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Using murine peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes, and human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), this study shows that saliva of the female  Ar. subalbatus  induces apoptosis via interaction with the Fas receptor within a few hours but without activating caspase-8. The process further activates downstream p38 MAPK signaling, a cascade that leads to the induction of apoptosis in capase-3 dependent manner. We further illustrate that  Ar. subalbatus  saliva suppresses proinflammatory cytokines without changing IL-10 levels, which might happen as a result of apoptosis.    Conclusions  Our study shows for the first time that saliva-induced apoptosis is the leading phenomenon exerted by  Ar.   subalbatus  that impede immune cells leading to the suppression of their effecter mechanism.

Induction of Fas Mediated Caspase-8 Independent Apoptosis in Immune Cells by Armigeres subalbatus Saliva