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Background  Marine diseases are being increasingly linked to anthropogenic factors including global and local stressors. On the Great Barrier Reef, up to 66% of the  Ianthella basta  population was recently found to be afflicted by a syndrome characterized by brown spot lesions and necrotic tissue.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Manipulative experiments were undertaken to ascertain the role of environmental stressors in this syndrome. Specifically, the effects of elevated temperature and sedimentation on sponge health and symbiont stability in  I. basta  were examined. Neither elevated temperature nor increased sedimentation were responsible for the brown spot lesions, but sponges exposed to 32°C developed substantial discoloration and deterioration of their tissues, resulting in death after eight days and a higher microbial diversity in those samples. No shifts in the microbial community of  I. basta  were observed across a latitudinal gradient or with increased sedimentation, with three previously described symbionts dominating the community of all sponges ( Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria  and  Thaumarchaea ).    Conclusions/Significance  Results from this study highlight the stable microbial community of  I. basta  and indicate that thermal and sedimentation stress are not responsible for the brown spot lesions currently affecting this abundant and ecologically important sponge species.

Thermal and Sedimentation Stress Are Unlikely Causes of Brown Spot Syndrome in the Coral Reef Sponge, Ianthella basta