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Background  Clusters of sudden unexplained death (SUD) in Yunnan Province, China, have been linked to eating  Trogia venenata  mushrooms. We evaluated the toxic effect of this mushroom on mice.    Methods  We prepared extracts of fresh  T. venenata  and  Laccaria vinaceoavellanea  mushrooms collected from the environs of a village that had SUD. We randomly allocated mice into treatment groups and administered mushroom extracts at doses ranging from 500 to 3500 mg/kg and water (control) via a gavage needle. We observed mice for mortality for 7 days after a 3500 mg/kg dose and for 24 hours after doses from 500 to 3000 mg/kg. We determined biochemical markers from serum two hours after a 2000 mg/kg dose.    Results  Ten mice fed  T. venenata  extract (3500 mg/kg) died by five hours whereas all control mice ( L. vinaceoavellanea  extract and water) survived the seven-day observation period. All mice died by five hours after exposure to single doses of  T. venenata  extract ranging from 1500 to 3000 mg/kg, while the four mice exposed to a 500 mg/kg dose all survived. Mice fed 2000 mg/kg of  T. venenata  extract developed profound hypoglycemia (median  = 0.66 mmol/L) two hours after exposure.    Discussion  Hypoglycemia and death within hours of exposure, a pattern unique among mushroom toxicity, characterize  T. venenata  poisoning.

Hypoglycemia and Death in Mice Following Experimental Exposure to an Extract of Trogia venenata Mushrooms