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The mouse PERIOD1 (mPER1) plays an important role in the maintenance of circadian rhythm. Translation of m Per1  is directed by both a cap-dependent process and cap-independent translation mediated by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR). Here, we compared m Per1  IRES activity with other cellular IRESs. We also found critical region in m Per1  5′UTR for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (HNRNPQ) binding. Deletion of HNRNPQ binding region markedly decreased IRES activity and disrupted rhythmicity. A mathematical model also suggests that rhythmic IRES-dependent translation is a key process in mPER1 oscillation. The IRES-mediated translation of m Per1  will help define the post-transcriptional regulation of the core clock genes.

Internal Ribosomal Entry Site-Mediated Translation Is Important for Rhythmic PERIOD1 Expression