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Insect oviposition on plants frequently precedes herbivory. Accumulating evidence indicates that plants recognize insect oviposition and elicit direct or indirect defenses to reduce the pressure of future herbivory. Most of the oviposition-triggered plant defenses described thus far remove eggs or keep them away from the host plant or their desirable feeding sites. Here, we report induction of antiherbivore defense by insect oviposition which targets newly hatched larvae, not the eggs, in the system of tomato  Solanum lycopersicum  L., and tomato fruitworm moth  Helicoverpa zea  Boddie. When tomato plants were oviposited by  H. zea  moths,  pin2 , a highly inducible gene encoding protease inhibitor2, which is a representative defense protein against herbivorous arthropods, was expressed at significantly higher level at the oviposition site than surrounding tissues, and expression decreased with distance away from the site of oviposition. Moreover, more eggs resulted in higher  pin2  expression in leaves, and both fertilized and unfertilized eggs induced  pin2  expression. Notably, when quantified daily following deposition of eggs,  pin2  expression at the oviposition site was highest just before the emergence of larvae. Furthermore,  H. zea  oviposition primed the wound-induced increase of  pin2  transcription and a burst of jasmonic acid (JA); tomato plants previously exposed to  H. zea  oviposition showed significantly stronger induction of  pin2  and higher production of JA upon subsequent simulated herbivory than without oviposition. Our results suggest that tomato plants recognize  H. zea  oviposition as a signal of impending future herbivory and induce defenses to prepare for this herbivory by newly hatched neonate larvae.

Insect Eggs Can Enhance Wound Response in Plants: A Study System of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. and Helicoverpa zea Boddie