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Background  Quorum sensing is a term that describes an environmental sensing system that allows bacteria to monitor their own population density which contributes significantly to the size and development of the biofilm. Many gram negative bacteria use  N- acyl-homoserine lactones as quorum sensing signal molecules. In this study, we sought to find out if the biofilm formation among clinical isolates of  Acinetobacter  spp. is under the control of autoinducing quorum sensing molecules.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Biofilm formation among clinical isolates of  Acinetobacter  spp. was assessed and the production of signal molecules were detected with  Chromobacterium violaceum  CV026 biosensor system. Characterisation of autoinducers was carried out by mass spectrometric analysis. We have also reported the identification of an autoinducer synthase gene,  abaΙ  among the isolates that produce quorum sensing signal molecules and have reported that the mutation in the  abaI  gene influences their biofilm forming capabilities. Using a microtitre-plate assay it was shown that 60% of the 50  Acinetobacter  spp. isolates significantly formed biofilms. Further detection with the biosensor strain showed that some of these isolates produced long chain signal molecules. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that five of these isolates produced  N- decanoyl homoserine lactone and two isolates produced acyl-homoserine lactone with a chain length equal to C 12 . The  abaΙ  gene was identified and a tetracycline mutant of the  abaΙ  gene was created and the inhibition in biofilm formation in the mutant was shown.    Conclusions/Significance  These data are of great significance as the signal molecules aid in biofilm formation which in turn confer various properties of pathogenicity to the clinical isolates including drug resistance. The use of quorum sensing signal blockers to attenuate bacterial pathogenicity is therefore highly attractive, particularly with respect to the emergence of multi antibiotic resistant bacteria.

plos one

Detection of Quorum Sensing Signal Molecules and Identification of an Autoinducer Synthase Gene among Biofilm Forming Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter spp.