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H. pylori  drug-resistant strains and non-compliance to therapy are the major causes of  H. pylori  eradication failure. For some bacterial species it has been demonstrated that fatty acids have a growth inhibitory effect. Our main aim was to assess the ability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to inhibit  H. pylori  growth both  in vitro  and in a mouse model. The effectiveness of standard therapy (ST) in combination with DHA on  H. pylori  eradication and recurrence prevention success was also investigated. The effects of DHA on  H. pylori  growth were analyzed in an  in vitro  dose-response study and n  in vivo  model. We analized the ability of  H. pylori  to colonize mice gastric mucosa following DHA, ST or a combination of both treatments. Our data demonstrate that DHA decreases  H. pylori  growth  in vitro  in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DHA inhibits  H. pylori  gastric colonization  in vivo  as well as decreases mouse gastric mucosa inflammation. Addition of DHA to ST was also associated with lower  H. pylori  infection recurrence in the mouse model. In conclusion, DHA is an inhibitor of  H. pylori  growth and its ability to colonize mouse stomach. DHA treatment is also associated with a lower recurrence of  H. pylori  infection in combination with ST. These observations pave the way to consider DHA as an adjunct agent in  H. pylori  eradication treatment.

Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Helicobacter pylori Growth In Vitro and Mice Gastric Mucosa Colonization