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Disease can be an important driver of host population dynamics and epizootics can cause severe host population declines.  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis  ( Bd ), the pathogen causing amphibian chytridiomycosis, may occur epizootically or enzootically and can harm amphibian populations in many ways. While effects of  Bd  epizootics are well documented, the effects of enzootic  Bd  have rarely been described. We used a state-space model that accounts for observation error to test whether population trends of a species highly susceptible to  Bd , the midwife toad  Alytes obstetricans , are negatively affected by the enzootic presence of the pathogen. Unexpectedly,  Bd  had no negative effect on population growth rates from 2002–2008. This suggests that negative effects of disease on individuals do not necessarily translate into negative effects at the population level. Populations of amphibian species that are susceptible to the emerging disease chytridiomycosis can persist despite the enzootic presence of the pathogen under current environmental conditions.

Populations of a Susceptible Amphibian Species Can Grow despite the Presence of a Pathogenic Chytrid Fungus