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In a male-based revision of ants of the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the Southwest Indian Ocean islands (SWIO: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion, and Seychelles), we explore and reconsider male morphological characters that distinguish genera within the group. Our investigation redefines  Amblyopone  Erichson sensu Brown (1960), here referred to as  Amblyopone  sensu lato, into three genera:  Xymmer  Santschi  stat. rev.,   Amblyopone  sensu stricto,  Stigmatomma  Roger  stat. rev.  All species names under  Amblyopone  s. l. reassign into  Xymmer  and  Amblyopone  s. s., which are small, well-defined genera, and  Stigmatomma , a large group with a generic delimitation that still needs further refinement. Based on a study of male mandible characters and our scenario for mandibular evolution of the worker caste within  Amblyopone  s. l, we conclude that  Amblyopone  s. s. nests outside of XMAS ( Xymmer + Mystrium + Adetomyrma + Stigmatomma ) clade. The following names are transferred from  Amblyopone  s. l. to  Xymmer  as  comb. rev. :  muticus . The following names are transferred from  Amblyopone  s. l. to  Stigmatomma  as  comb. rev. :  amblyops ,  armigerum ,  bellii ,  bierigi ,  bruni ,  celata ,  chilense ,  denticulatum ,  elongatum ,  emeryi ,  feae ,  impressifrons ,  luzonicum ,  minuta ,  normandi ,  oregonense ,  pallipes ,  quadratum ,  reclinatum ,  rothneyi ,  santschii ,  saundersi ,  silvestrii ,  zwaluwenburgi ; as  comb. nov. :  agostii ,  annae ,  besucheti ,  boltoni ,  caliginosum ,  cleae ,  crenatum ,  degeneratum ,  egregium ,  electrinum ,  eminia ,  exiguum ,  falcatum ,  ferrugineum ,  fulvidum ,  gaetulicum ,  gingivalis ,  glauerti ,  gnoma ,  gracile ,  groehni ,  heraldoi ,  lucidum ,  lurilabes ,  monrosi ,  mystriops ,  noonadan ,  octodentatum ,  ophthalmicum ,  orizabanum ,  papuanum ,  pertinax ,  pluto ,  punctulatum ,  rubiginoum ,  sakaii ,  smithi ,  trigonignathum ,  trilobum ,  wilsoni ,  zaojun , and  testaceum.  A male-based key to the genera of Malagasy amblyoponine ants, their diagnoses, and a discussion of the evolution of the morphological character of males in the subfamily are given, and the distinguishing characters of each are illustrated. In addition, our results predict that  Paraprionopelta  belongs in the XMAS clade and that  Concoctio  should have males with two mandibular teeth.

A Revision of Male Ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Resurrections of the Genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer