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SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a well characterized regulator of cell division and cell fate determination in the  Arabidopsis  primary root. However, much less is known about the functions of SHR in the aerial parts of the plant. In this work, we cloned  SHR  gene from  Populus trichocarpa  ( PtSHR1 ) as an  AtSHR  ortholog and down-regulated its expression in hybrid poplar ( Populus tremula × P. tremuloides  Michx-clone T89) in order to determine its physiological functions in shoot development. Sharing a 90% similarity to AtSHR at amino acid level, PtSHR1 was able to complement the  Arabidopsis shr  mutant. Down regulation of  PtSHR1  led to a strong enhancement of primary (height) and secondary (girth) growth rates in the transgenic poplars. A similar approach in  Arabidopsis  showed a comparable accelerated growth and development phenotype. Our results suggest that the response to SHR could be dose-dependent and that a partial down-regulation of  SHR  could lead to enhanced meristem activity and a coordinated acceleration of plant growth in woody species. Therefore, SHR functions in plant growth and development as a regulator of cell division and meristem activity not only in the roots but also in the shoots. Reducing SHR expression in transgenic poplar was shown to lead to significant increases in primary and secondary growth rates. Given the current interest in bioenergy crops, SHR has a broader role as a key regulator of whole plant growth and development and SHR suppression has considerable potential for accelerating biomass accumulation in a variety of species.

Reduced Expression of the SHORT-ROOT Gene Increases the Rates of Growth and Development in Hybrid Poplar and Arabidopsis