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Resveratrol is a major phytoalexin produced by plants in response to various stresses and promotes disease resistance. The resistance of North American grapevine  Vitis rupestris  is correlated with a hypersensitive reaction (HR), while susceptible European  Vitis vinifera  cv. ‘Pinot Noir’ does not exhibit HR, but expresses basal defence. We have shown previously that in cell lines derived from the two  Vitis  species, the bacterial effector Harpin induced a rapid and sensitive accumulation of  stilbene synthase  ( StSy ) transcripts, followed by massive cell death in  V. rupestris . In the present work, we analysed the function of the phytoalexin resveratrol, the product of StSy. We found that cv. ‘Pinot Noir’ accumulated low resveratrol and its glycoside  trans -piceid, whereas  V. rupestris  produced massive  trans -resveratrol and the toxic oxidative δ-viniferin, indicating that the preferred metabolitism of resveratrol plays role in  Vitis  resistance. Cellular responses to resveratrol included rapid alkalinisation, accumulation of  pathogenesis-related protein  5 ( PR 5) transcripts, oxidative burst, actin bundling, and cell death. Microtubule disruption and induction of  StSy  were triggered by Harpin, but not by resveratrol. Whereas most responses proceeded with different amplitude for the two cell lines, the accumulation of resveratrol, and the competence for resveratrol-induced oxidative burst differed in quality. The data lead to a model, where resveratrol, in addition to its classical role as antimicrobial phytoalexin, represents an important regulator for initiation of HR-related cell death.

The Phytoalexin Resveratrol Regulates the Initiation of Hypersensitive Cell Death in Vitis Cell