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The presence of new  Streptococcus pneumoniae  clones in dead wild chimpanzees from the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, with previous respiratory problems has been demonstrated recently by DNA sequence analysis from samples obtained from the deceased apes. In order to broadenour understanding on the relatedness of these pneumococcal clones to those from humans, the gene locus responsible for biosynthesis of the capsule polysaccharide (CPS) has now been characterized. DNA sequence analysis of PCR fragments identified a cluster named  cps 3 Taï  containing the four genes typical for serotype 3 CPS, but lacking a 5′-region of ≥2 kb which is degenerated in other  cps 3 loci and not required for type 3 biosynthesis. CPS3 is composed of a simple disaccharide repeat unit comprising glucose and glucuronic acid (GlcUA). The two genes  ugd  responsible for GlcUA synthesis and  wchE  encoding the type 3 synthase are essential for CPS3 biosynthesis, whereas both,  galU  and the 3′-truncated gene  pgm  are not required due to the presence of homologues elsewhere in the genome. The DNA sequence of  cps 3 Taï  diverged considerably from those of other  cps 3 loci. Also, the gene  pgm   Taï  represents a full length version with a nonsense mutation at codon 179. The two genes  ugd   Taï  and  wchE   Taï  including the promoter region were transformed into a nonencapsulated laboratory strain  S. pneumoniae  R6. Transformants which expressed type 3 capsule polysaccharide were readily obtained, documenting that the gene products are functional. In summary, the data indicate that  cps 3 Taï  evolved independent from other  cps 3 loci, suggesting the presence of specialized serotype 3  S. pneumoniae  clones endemic to the Taï National Park area.

A New Variant of the Capsule 3 Cluster Occurs in Streptococcus pneumoniae from Deceased Wild Chimpanzees