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Differences in host behavior and resistance to disease can influence the outcome of host-pathogen interactions. We capitalized on the variation in aggregation behavior of Fowler's toads ( Anaxyrus  [ =  Bufo ]  fowleri ) and grey treefrogs ( Hyla versicolor ) tadpoles and tested for differences in transmission of  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis  ( Bd ) and host-specific fitness consequences (i.e., life history traits that imply fitness) of infection in single-species amphibian mesocosms. On average,  A. fowleri  mesocosms supported higher  Bd  prevalences and infection intensities relative to  H. versicolor  mesocosms. Higher  Bd  prevalence in  A. fowleri  mesocosms may result, in part, from higher intraspecific transmission due to the aggregation of tadpoles raised in  Bd  treatments. We also found that, independent of species, tadpoles raised in the presence of  Bd  were smaller and less developed than tadpoles raised in disease-free conditions. Our results indicate that aggregation behavior might increase  Bd  prevalence and that  A. fowleri  tadpoles carry heavier infections relative to  H. versicolor  tadpoles. However, our results demonstrate that  Bd  appears to negatively impact larval growth and developmental rates of  A. fowleri  and  H. versicolor  similarly, even in the absence of high  Bd  prevalence.

Can Differences in Host Behavior Drive Patterns of Disease Prevalence in Tadpoles?