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Pain is a significant medical concern and represents a major unmet clinical need. The ability to perceive and react to tissue-damaging stimuli is essential in order to maintain bodily integrity in the face of environmental danger. To prevent damage the systems that detect noxious stimuli are therefore under strict evolutionary pressure. We developed a high-throughput behavioral method to identify genes contributing to thermal nociception in the fruit fly and have reported a large-scale screen that identified the Ca 2+  channel  straightjacket  ( stj ) as a conserved regulator of thermal nociception. Here we present the minimal anatomical and neuronal requirements for  Drosophila  to avoid noxious heat in our novel behavioral paradigm. Bioinformatics analysis of our whole genome data set revealed 23 genes implicated in Ca 2+  signaling that are required for noxious heat avoidance. One of these genes, the conserved thermoreceptor  TrpA1 , was confirmed as a bona fide “pain” gene in both adult and larval fly nociception paradigms. The nociceptive function of  TrpA1  required expression within the  Drosophila  nervous system, specifically within nociceptive multi-dendritic (MD) sensory neurons. Therefore, our analysis identifies the channel TRPA1 as a conserved regulator of nociception.

TrpA1 Regulates Thermal Nociception in Drosophila