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Puccinia striiformis  f. sp.  tritici  ( Pst ) is an obligate biotrophic fungus that causes the destructive wheat stripe rust disease worldwide. Due to the lack of reliable transformation and gene disruption method, knowledge about the function of  Pst  genes involved in pathogenesis is limited. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes have been shown in a number of plant pathogenic fungi to play critical roles in regulating various infection processes. In the present study, we identified and characterized the first MAPK gene  PsMAPK1  in  Pst.  Phylogenetic analysis indicated that  PsMAPK1  is a YERK1 MAP kinase belonging to the Fus3/Kss1 class. Single nucleotide polymerphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion were detected in the coding region of  PsMAPK1  among six  Pst  isolates. Real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that  PsMAPK1  expression was induced at early infection stages and peaked during haustorium formation. When expressed in  Fusarium graminearum ,  PsMAPK1  partially rescued the  map1  mutant in vegetative growth and pathogenicity. It also partially complemented the defects of the  Magnaporthe oryzae pmk1  mutant in appressorium formation and plant infection. These results suggest that  F. graminearum  and  M. oryzae  can be used as surrogate systems for functional analysis of well-conserved  Pst  genes and  PsMAPK1  may play a role in the regulation of plant penetration and infectious growth in  Pst .

Molecular Characterization of a Fus3/Kss1 Type MAPK from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, PsMAPK1