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Actinomyces naeslundii  and  Actinomyces oris  are members of the oral biofilm. Their identification using 16S rRNA sequencing is problematic and better achieved by comparison of  metG  partial sequences.  A. oris  is more abundant and more frequently isolated than  A. naeslundii . We used a multi-locus sequence typing approach to investigate the genotypic diversity of these species and assigned  A. naeslundii  (n = 37) and  A. oris  (n = 68) isolates to 32 and 68 sequence types (ST), respectively. Neighbor-joining and ClonalFrame dendrograms derived from the concatenated partial sequences of 7 house-keeping genes identified at least 4 significant subclusters within  A. oris  and 3 within  A. naeslundii . The strain collection we had investigated was an under-representation of the total population since at least 3 STs composed of single strains may represent discrete clusters of strains not well represented in the collection. The integrity of these sub-clusters was supported by the sequence analysis of  fimP  and  fimA , genes coding for the type 1 and 2 fimbriae, respectively. An  A. naeslundii  subcluster was identified with both  fimA  and  fimP  genes and these strains were able to bind to MUC7 and statherin while all other  A. naeslundii  strains possessed only  fimA  and did not bind to statherin. An  A. oris  subcluster harboured a  fimA  gene similar to that of  Actinomyces odontolyticus  but no detectable  fimP  failed to bind significantly to either MUC7 or statherin. These data are evidence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the species  A. oris  and  A. naeslundii  but the status of the subclusters identified here will require genome comparisons before their phylogenic position can be unequivocally established.

Application of MLST and Pilus Gene Sequence Comparisons to Investigate the Population Structures of Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces oris