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Background  MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and involved in diverse biological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. Rs11614913 in  miR-196a2  and rs2910164 in  miR-146a  are shown to associate with increased/decreased cancer risk. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically summarize the possible association.    Methodology/Principal Findings  We assessed published studies of the association between these microRNA polymorphisms and cancer risk from eleven studies with 16,771 subjects for  miR-196a2  and from ten studies with 15,126 subjects for  miR-146a . As for rs11614913, the contrast of homozygote (TT  vs  CC: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85–0.99,  P   heterogeneity  = 0.45), allele (T  vs  C: OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–0.99,  P   heterogeneity  = 0.61) and recessive model (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84–0.97,  P   heterogeneity  = 0.50) produced statistically association. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity, statistically significantly decreased cancer risks were found among Asians for allele contrast (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90–0.99,  P   heterogeneity  = 0.74) and the recessive genetic model (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82–0.98,  P   heterogeneity  = 0.85). According to subgroup analysis by tumor types, the protective effect of C/T polymorphism was only found in breast cancer under allele contrast (T  vs  C: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88–0.99,  P   heterogeneity  = 0.26). For rs2910164, no significant associations were found among overall analysis model with relatively large heterogeneity. Through the stratified analysis, heterogeneity decreased significantly. In the subgroup analyses by cancer types, the C allele of rs2910164 was associated with protection from digestive cancer in allele contrast (C  vs  G: OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96,  P   heterogeneity  = 0.51).    Conclusions/Significance  Our meta-analysis suggests that the rs11614913 most likely contributes to decreased susceptibility to cancer, especially in Asians and breast cancer. Besides, the C allele of the rs2910164 might be associated with a protection from digestive cancer.

Effects of Common Polymorphisms rs11614913 in miR-196a2 and rs2910164 in miR-146a on Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis