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On water deficit, abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomata closure to reduce water loss by transpiration. To identify  Arabidopsis thaliana  mutants which transpire less on drought, infrared thermal imaging of leaf temperature has been used to screen for suppressors of an ABA-deficient mutant ( aba3-1 ) cold-leaf phenotype. Three novel mutants, called  hot ABA-deficiency suppressor  ( has ), have been identified with hot-leaf phenotypes in the absence of the  aba3  mutation. The defective genes imparted no apparent modification to ABA production on water deficit, were inherited recessively and enhanced ABA responses indicating that the proteins encoded are negative regulators of ABA signalling. All three mutants showed ABA-hypersensitive stomata closure and inhibition of root elongation with little modification of growth and development in non-stressed conditions. The  has2  mutant also exhibited increased germination inhibition by ABA, while ABA-inducible gene expression was not modified on dehydration, indicating the mutated gene affects early ABA-signalling responses that do not modify transcript levels. In contrast, weak ABA-hypersensitivity relative to mutant developmental phenotypes suggests that  HAS3  regulates drought responses by both ABA-dependent and independent pathways.  has1  mutant phenotypes were only apparent on stress or ABA treatments, and included reduced water loss on rapid dehydration. The  HAS1  locus thus has the required characteristics for a targeted approach to improving resistance to water deficit. In contrast to  has2 ,  has1  exhibited only minor changes in susceptibility to  Dickeya dadantii  despite similar ABA-hypersensitivity, indicating that crosstalk between ABA responses to this pathogen and drought stress can occur through more than one point in the signalling pathway.

New ABA-Hypersensitive Arabidopsis Mutants Are Affected in Loci Mediating Responses to Water Deficit and Dickeya dadantii Infection