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Understanding the dynamics of muscle transcriptome during development and between breeds differing in muscle growth is necessary to uncover the complex mechanism underlying muscle development. Herein, we present the first transcriptome-wide longissimus dorsi muscle development research concerning Lantang (LT, obese) and Landrace (LR, lean) pig breeds during 10 time-points from 35 days-post-coitus (dpc) to 180 days-post-natum (dpn) using Solexa/Illumina's Genome Analyzer. The data demonstrated that myogenesis was almost completed before 77 dpc, but the muscle phenotypes were still changed from 77 dpc to 28 dpn. Comparative analysis of the two breeds suggested that myogenesis started earlier but progressed more slowly in LT than in LR, the stages ranging from 49 dpc to 77 dpc are critical for formation of different muscle phenotypes. 595 differentially expressed myogenesis genes were identified, and their roles in myogenesis were discussed. Furthermore,  GSK3B ,  IKBKB ,  ACVR1 ,  ITGA  and  STMN1  might contribute to later myogenesis and more muscle fibers in LR than LT. Some myogenesis inhibitors ( ID1 ,  ID2 ,  CABIN1 ,  MSTN ,  SMAD4 ,  CTNNA1 ,  NOTCH2 ,  GPC3  and  HMOX1 ) were higher expressed in LT than in LR, which might contribute to more slow muscle differentiation in LT than in LR. We also identified several genes which might contribute to intramuscular adipose differentiation. Most important, we further proposed a novel model in which  MyoD  and  MEF2A  controls the balance between intramuscular adipogenesis and myogenesis by regulating  CEBP  family;  Myf5  and  MEF2C  are essential during the whole myogenesis process while  MEF2D  affects muscle growth and maturation. The  MRFs  and  MEF2  families are also critical for the phenotypic differences between the two pig breeds. Overall, this study contributes to elucidating the mechanism underlying muscle development, which could provide valuable information for pig meat quality improvement.  The raw data have been submitted to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under series GSE25406.

Comparative Analyses by Sequencing of Transcriptomes during Skeletal Muscle Development between Pig Breeds Differing in Muscle Growth Rate and Fatness